Exposure to harmful substances is a major occupational hazard that can lead to serious health conditions, long-term illnesses, and even life-threatening diseases. Many workers in construction, manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and chemical industries are regularly exposed to toxic chemicals, airborne contaminants, and hazardous materials without adequate protection.

Prolonged exposure or accidental inhalation of these substances can result in respiratory diseases, skin conditions, organ damage, and an increased risk of cancer.

Common Causes of Harmful Substance Exposure

Exposure to harmful substances in the workplace can occur in a variety of ways, including:

  • Inhalation of toxic fumes, dust, or gases: workers in industries such as welding, painting, and construction often breathe in hazardous airborne particles.
  • Contact with hazardous liquids or chemicals: skin exposure to corrosive substances can cause burns, rashes, and long-term skin damage.
  • Mould, bacteria, or biological agents: healthcare and waste management workers may be at risk of infection from contaminated environments.
  • Asbestos exposure: a well-known but still present hazard, asbestos exposure can lead to severe lung diseases such as asbestosis or mesothelioma.
  • Pesticides and agricultural chemicals: farmworkers frequently handle toxic pesticides that can be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

Employer Responsibilities Under UK Law

Employers have a legal duty under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 and the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 to protect employees from exposure to harmful substances. They must:

  • Conduct risk assessments to identify potential exposure hazards.
  • Implement control measures, such as ventilation, enclosed work processes, and extraction systems.
  • Provide appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), including respirators, gloves, and protective clothing.
  • Ensure proper handling and storage of hazardous substances.
  • Offer training to employees on how to work safely with harmful materials.
  • Monitor workplace air quality and conduct regular health checks for exposed workers.

Failure to comply with these regulations can result in severe legal consequences, including employee illness, financial penalties, and employer liability for compensation claims.

What to Do After Exposure to Harmful Substances

If you believe you have been exposed to hazardous substances in the workplace, it is important to take the following steps:

  1. Seek medical attention: symptoms of exposure may not be immediately apparent, so early diagnosis is critical.
  2. Report the exposure to your employer and ensure it is documented.
  3. Identify the source of exposure, including the specific chemicals or materials involved.
  4. Gather evidence, such as photographs, witness statements, and health reports.
  5. Consult a solicitor to determine if you are eligible for compensation.

Claiming Compensation for Harmful Substance Exposure

If your illness or injury was caused by lack of proper safety measures, employer negligence, or failure to provide adequate protection, you may be entitled to compensation.

Making a Claim Can Help You Recover Losses Such As:

  • Medical and Rehabilitation Costs
    This includes expenses for hospital treatment, GP appointments, physiotherapy, counselling, and any other medical or therapeutic support needed as a result of your injury.
  • Out-of-Pocket Expenses
    These may include the cost of damaged personal items (such as clothing or mobile phones), travel to and from medical appointments, parking fees, or assistance with daily living during recovery.
  • Loss of Earnings
    If your injury has caused you to take time off work—whether short-term or long-term—you may be entitled to recover lost income. This can include loss of bonuses, overtime, or future earning potential if your ability to work has been affected.
  • Pain, Suffering, and Loss of Amenity
    Compensation may also be awarded for the physical and emotional pain you’ve experienced, as well as the wider impact on your day-to-day life, hobbies, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Preventing Exposure to Harmful Substances

Both employers and employees play a role in minimising the risk of exposure.

Employers should:

  • Ensure proper ventilation and containment measures to prevent airborne exposure.
  • Provide full PPE and training to all workers handling hazardous materials.
  • Implement strict handling and disposal procedures for dangerous substances.

Employees should:

  • Always wear the required PPE and follow safety procedures.
  • Report unsafe conditions or improper handling of chemicals.
  • Seek medical advice if they experience symptoms of exposure.

By prioritising safe handling practices and workplace safety, exposure to harmful substances can be significantly reduced. However, if you have suffered illness or injury due to employer negligence, seeking expert legal advice can help you secure the compensation you deserve.